Kerala River Maps Links with Water resources CLICK
GOD OWN COUNTRY KERALA :
Kerala is the Southern state of INDIA ,where people from all walks of life live peacefully .and happily . Kerala is rich in his cultural and tradition and is one of the tourist places of India . The Kerala consist of 14 districts and people of Kerala are speak Malayalam .
Importance of Rivers of Kerala
River are
plenty in kerala state . India South Western is with big mountain and Arabian sea in between land are is kerala . Of the total
land area of 38863 Sq Km , the North
southern distance is 560 Km and Easter western is 60 km in distance .
Of the total land area of India only 1.10 percentage areas is kerala
Kerala
land area total48 percentage is High range area . Almost 600M altitude land
area is spread across from North Tapthi river to South Kanyakumari land area .
In
kerala there is 44 Rivers . 100 Km and
more 10 number river are in Kerala . Many rivers reach Arabian sea.Periyar is
the longest river in kerala almost 244 Km starting from Shiva giri and ending
in vembanad lake in kochi. Length wise n the second place Bharatha Puzha and third
place is Pamba River .
TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT
In Trivandrum district development major role rivers are Neyyar , Karamanayaru,
Vamanapuram,
- Neyar River is 56 km long starting from Agasthamala . Kattakada Neyar dam, is used for water supply and other major activities. Neyar river flows and reach Arabian sea
- Karamana River flows from Chemmunchi Muttayil and flows through the Trivandrum and made Trivandrum with lot of families .
- The River Vamanapuri starting from Chemmunchi Muttayi and flows through the agricultural land are of Trivandrum district .
- The Important Lakes are veli lake , Kadinalkualam lake Edava and Nadayan lake, Anjuthengu lake,
- Fresh water lake are Vellayanni lake
- Cheruthurani, Pepara, Neyyar are wild life sanctuaries of kerala
- Neyyar dam in Kerala is in trivandrum district
Thiruvanthapuram : district
Pilgrimage centers
1. Sri Padmanaba Swamy temple . Located
Near East fort , Maha Vishnu on the Serpent Godess temple and Ottakkalmandapam
is a special attraction CLICK
2. Attukal Bhagavathy temple where Pongala is the favourite offering to Goddess Bhagavathi CLICK
3. Janardhana swami temple Located at Varkala called Dakshina Kasi CLICK
4 Sivagiri : Sree Narayana Guru Resting place and pilgrimage center CLICK
Thiruvanthapuram : district
Tourist centers
1. Trivandrum Zoo : Main Zoo in Asia CLICK
2. Government Art Museum : Located near to Zoo CLICK
3. Sree Chitra Art Gallery : Painting of Raja Ravi Varma and K.C.S Paniker is kept here CLICK
Kowdiar Palace : Sri Chitra Thirunal
Last king of Travancore lived here CLICK
6. Science and Technology Museum : CLICK
Priyadarsini Planetarium : Solar
System and watching the orbiting of planet and stars through projectors CLICK
8. Sanghumugham : the beach CLICK
Akkulam : Boat
club located in the city CLICK
10. Veli : Veli Back watersand beach CLICK
11. Kuthiramalika : Swathi thirunal
artistic ideas with carving and sculptures CLICK
12. Vizhinjam : The Historical places of
Cheras Rock temple , aquarium CLICK
13. Kovalam : 13 km away : sea bath
beach Hawwa beach where Sun bathing CLICK
14. Aruvikkara : 16 Km Away Wellington water distribution project , A dam, Fish farm, Durga temples , CLICK
Neyyar Dam : 30 Km away wild life
sanctuary , crocodilefarm, lion safari parks , beautiful gardens and reservoir. CLICK
16. Koyikkal Palace :
18 Km away in Neumangad, on way to ponmudi, Umayamma Rani build the palace in 15 century CLICK
18 Km away in Neumangad, on way to ponmudi, Umayamma Rani build the palace in 15 century CLICK
Peppara : forest are 50km away on the way to ponmudi , wild life sanctuary , reservoir CLICK
18 Agasthayakoodam : 1890metres above the sea level , 61 km away , good for meditation
and mountaineers CLICK
Ponmudi : 61 km away , 610 meters ,
forest and tea estate , pleasant climate with KTDC accommodation CLICK
20 Tropical Botanical Garden and
Research Institute : 35 Km away location palode,
a vast collection of plants CLICK
21 Padmanabhapuram Palace : 53 Km away in kanyakumari, built by former kings of tranvancore . CLICK
22 Happy Land : Located in Vembayam, 20
km away . CLICK
Kollam DISTRICT
In Kollam district major rivers are Kalladayar , Ethikarayar .
1.
The River Ethikarayar is 56 Km long starting from Madathara and ends in Paravoor
Lake . Even though this is short river , the river is having higher depth area
.
2.
Karamalayil starting 36 km Long river making the coastal are fertile land area
reaching Astamudi Lake is Kalladayar
river .
3.
Panthalkottu hill starting and end in Anjumana lake 26 km long
flowing river is Mamam . Navayiyil starting 16 km long flowing and reaching
Nadayara lake river is Ayiyoor river .
4.
The Important Lakes are Paravoor Lake , Astamudi Lake
5.
Fresh water lake are
sasthamkotta lake .
6.
Kallada dam in kerala
1.Parabrahma Temple Ochira :34 km away
, no diety , no walls, Ochirakkali, Panthrandu vilakku ,festival in Midunam
3. Aryankavu : 80 km away on the way to chenkotta . Sastha temple festival in December
4. Ganapathi Temple , Kottarakara CLICK
Vallikkavu : Matha Amrithanadamayi
Matam head quartersCLICK
6. Panmana :Resting place of chattambi
swamikal located near chavara CLICK
Achenkovil : The sastha temple CLICK
Kollam : district Tourist centers
1.Adventure Park: Near Ashramam ground
2 km away from KSRTC bus stand CLICK
2. Thirumullavaram Beach : 6 km away from town , for sea bath and sun bathCLICK
3. Thankassery : located 5 km away , light house 44 M highCLICK
4. Kochupilamoodu Beach :Park and
beach CLICK
Chenthurni : A wild life sanctuary , 66 km away ,
thenmala forest divisionCLICK
6 Neendakara :famus fishing center near NH 47 CLICK
Punalur : Industrial area 46 Kmaway
from kollam , the hanging bridge built 1879 over kallada rivers CLICK
8 Thevally Palace : The Palace on the
coast of Arabian sea
Ashtamudi Kayal : Back water from
kollam to alapuzhaCLICK
10 Chavara : Industrail center for clay
and metal CLICK
11.Jadayu Para : vast rocky land and
small temple in chadayamangalam CLICK
Pathanamthitta: district Pilgrimage centers
1. The River than make
Pathanamthitta and Allappuzha district with water is Pamba , Achankovil,
manimala, Pallikkkal rivers .
1.
Kallarithara kunnil place starting
,42 Km Flowing and ending in vattayara lake is Pallickal river
2.
Thatta Mala starting place, flowing 90 km distance ending in pamba
river is Manimala .
3.
Pazhukeedama starting 128 Km long
reaching pamba river is Achenkovil River .
4.
Pulachimalayil starting 176 km long reaching vembanad lake is
Pamba river .
5.
The Major Lake in Alapuzha is kayamkulam lake, Vembanad lake,
Thottapalli Spill way, Thanner mukkam Bandhu,
6.
Kakki and pamba dam in Pathanamthitta district kerala
Pamba River Network
Pathanamthitta: district Pilgrimage centers
1. Sabarimala: Ayappa Swamy temple at
Neelimala in deep forest on the banks of river pamba : Makaravillaku the season
3. Manimala River
Kadammanitta : Devi temple padayani
6.Spider Temple : in kodumon , spider
well is the best cure for skin disease CLICK
Sree Vallabha Temple : Kathakali
dance performanceCLICK
8 Kaviyoor: Mahadeva temple on the
banks of river manimala . cave temple CLICK
Parumala : Parumal thirumeni tomb of Bishop Mar baselios
10 Maramon : Maramon convention ,
largest Christian congregation in Asia in Feb every year CLICK
Pathanamthitta : district Tourist
centers
1.Mannadikkavu : 13 km from adoor , Veluthampi Dalava
freedom fighter sacrificed his life to the nation CLICK
2.Perumthenaruvi: 100 Ft water
fall CLICK
3.Charalkunnu : A beautiful hill
station 17 km , valleys, river
pamba CLICK
4. Moozhiyar Dam : in deep forest 57 km away. CLICK
Kakki dam : A reservoir in deep
forest where all animals surround the dam CLICK
6. Elephant Camp Konni : A camp of
elephants CLICK
Alappuzha : district Pilgrimage
centers
1.Sree Krishna temple Ambalappuzha :
16 km away , palpayasam, pallippana,and boat reace famous . drama house
2.Nagaraja Temple , Mannarasala: near
haripad , famous for Mannarasal Ayilya CLICK
3. St Andrews Church Arthunkal : 22 km
distance near cherthala , built by
Portuguese ,St Sebastian day celebration in jan CLICK
4. St George Chruch Edathua : Located
in banks of Mani mala river 27 km away , built in 1810 ,near thiruvella CLICK
St Mary Church Chambakkulam : One of seven church established by St thomas . CLICK
St Mary Church Chambakkulam : One of seven church established by St thomas . CLICK
6. Karumadikkuttan : Statue of Buddha in Karumadi village near Ambalapuzha . CLICK
Alappuzha district Tourist centers
1.
Kallarithara kunnil place starting
,42 Km Flowing and ending in vattayara lake is Pallickal river
2.
Thatta Mala starting place, flowing 90 km distance ending in pamba
river is Manimala .
3.
Pazhukeedama starting 128 Km long
reaching pamba river is Achenkovil River .
4.
Pulachimalayil starting 176 km long reaching vembanad lake is
Pamba river .
5.
The Major Lake in Alapuzha is kayamkulam lake, Vembanad lake,
Thottapalli Spill way, Thanner mukkam Bandhu,
Krishnapuram Palace :Locate in krishnapuram village 47 km away.Two storied palace building period of Marthada varma
1. CLICK Alleppey to kayamkulam water ways
2.Pathiramanal : An island in vembanad lake located near kumarakm,
or muhamma by boat
3. Punnapra Vayalar: The Place wnere
Travancore police and Communists confronted each other in freedom struggl1 1946CLICK
4.Chambakkulam Boat Race : Famous Boat race CLICK
Nehru Trophy boat Race : Punnamada
back water boat race
6. Beach Alappuzha CLICK
Water Journey: back water journey from alapuzha to kollam by KTDC CLICK
1.
Kallarithara kunnil place starting
,42 Km Flowing and ending in vattayara lake is Pallickal river
2.
Thatta Mala starting place, flowing 90 km distance ending in pamba
river is Manimala .
3.
Pazhukeedama starting 128 Km long
reaching pamba river is Achenkovil River .
4.
Pulachimalayil starting 176 km long reaching vembanad lake is
Pamba river .
5.
The Major Lake in Alapuzha is kayamkulam lake, Vembanad lake,
Thottapalli Spill way, Thanner mukkam Bandhu,
Kottayam : district Pilgrimage
centers
1.Mahadeva Temple Ettumanoor : 13 Km away , Ezharapponnana and
Kedavilakku 10 days festival CLICK
2. Erumeli : 60 km away , on the banks
of Manimala river , Sastha temple, Mosque of vavar , friends of Ayappa CLICK
3. South Mookambika Temple: Panachikkadu 10 Km away to changanassery , Mookambika temple at Kolloor CLICK
4. Siva Temple Vaikom : 40 Km away in
vaikom, Historic is Mahatama Gandhiji held a satyagraha for the harijans for
permitting them to enter into the temoe, Ashtami festival for 12 days in Nov
and dec CLICK
Mahadeva Temple Thirunakkara :
sitwated 1. 5 km away , Sri
Parameswara the diety , Chathu sethy and Dhara offeringCLICK
6. Mannanam : St Syrian Christian
center 8km away , St Jospeh monastery is located here CLICK
St Mary Church Bharananganan : 1000 year old church , St Alphonsa chapel beside CLICK
Kottayam : district Tourist centers
1. Koottikkal : Forest near Mundakayam , Artifical lake in
Manimala, check dam, waterfalls at Vadakkemela CLICK
2. Vagamon :60 Km away , 1100 mtrs
height , mountaineering, The Kurisumala, Kurusumala Hermitage pilgrim center CLICK
3. Elaveezhapoonchira : Hilly areas
3000 Mtrs , CLICK
4. Maramala Water falls : Near Earttupetta , 7 km away fromThekkoy rubber estate CLICK
Panchalimedu : 2500 Ft Above the sea , 3 hour waking distance
6. Lllikkal kallu : Three hills, Rare
Medicine plants grow here
Poonjar Palace : Located 47 km away , rich collection of engraving, jewels, weapons,
statues CLICK
1.
The River than make kottayam and idukki district fertile land is
Meenachil River starting from Aramankunnu 78 km long ending in vembanad lake
2.
Peerumudi is kerala most rainfall getting place
3.
Chinnar, Eruvikulam, Idukki, Periyar are major wild life sanctuaries
of kerala
4.
Idukki dam in Idukki District
1.Peerumeedu :Coffee and tea estate , 75 km away, CLICK
2. Munnar : 113 km away , 4000 to 6000 ft , Hill and tea
estates
3. Anamudi : Highest mountain peak in
south India and second in India 50 km away from Munnar CLICK
4. Mattuppetty: 13 km distance , from munnar , Indo swiss diary project CLICK
Marayoor: 41 km from munnar , The
Sandal forest ,sandal wood factory , children park, Rajiv Gandhi national park , Thooanam water
falls, Marayoor Jaggerry, century old cells of Hermit .CLICK
6. Moolamattam Hydro Electric Scheme: :
Biggest underground hydro electric scheme. CLICK
Kumily : gate way to thekkady,
mountaineering, Mangala devi temple CLICK
8.Thekkady ; 117 km from kottayam , periyar lake, wide life sanctuary, bird sanctuary
boating CLICK
Idukki Arch Dam : 40 km from thodupuzha, 75 km from kottayam , wild life sanctuary CLICK
10. Cheruthoni : 3917ft , idukki and cheruthoni dam surrounding CLICK
11.Devikulam : 7 km away from munnar , tea estates, Seethadevi lake a beauty of
natureCLICK
12. Eravikulam Rajamala Wildlife
sanctuary : National Park 114 km away from kochi, 15 km from munnar , CLICK
13. Thattekkadu Bird Sanctuary : 12 km
away from kothamangalam on banks of periyar
with 200 variety birds
14. Wildlife Sanctuary , Chinnar :
Marayoor to Udumalpetta road both side with birds and animals CLICK
Meenuli : Ever green forest A rock 4000 ft above , mountaineering CLICK
16 Thommankuthu 28 km away from
thodupuzha, waterfall and mountain CLICK
Malankara Dam : 6 km away from thodupuzha , 66 Km from kochi CLICK
18 Kudayathoor Hill : Mountaineering 6
km away from Malankara Dam CLICK
Valaakuth : Waterfall 130 Km away
from kochi
1.
In Ernakulam district is blessed by the river like Periyar and
Muvattupuzha River .
2.
Starting from shiva giri flowing 246 km long ending in vembanad
lake is Periyar River .
3.
Tharakamkunnu starting flowing 121 km long reaching vembanad lake
river is Muvattupuzha river .
4.
Thattakadu is the major wild life sanctuaries of kerala
1. Devi Temple Chottanikkara: in Tripunithra
, 15 m away from ernakulam ,
Makam Thozhal and Kumbha famous, Payasam
and Guruthi offering CLICK
2. St Francis Church Fort Kochi : build
by Portuguese in 1510 , vascoda gama buried
here , first church build by foreigner CLICK
3. Synagogue : Jewish church built in 1568 at mattancherry ,
4. Malayattoor Church : Church in
Malayattoor hills , 47 km away from kochi, climb
the hill sanctified by st Thomas in Mar
Ernakulam : district Tourist centers
:
1. Kochi ; famous comerical center ,
chinse nets in back water , Portuguese , kerala English culture CLICK
2.Mattancherry Palace : built by portuguse now called dutch palace , 17 th century wall painting , art gallery CLICK
3. Wonderla : All modern conveniences
for enjoyment CLICK
4. Bolgatty Island : : palace built by
Dutch . CLICK
Dutch Palace : Palace built by
Portuguese in 1555 year CLICK
6. Wellington Island: Man made Island
named after Lord Wellington and now with hotels and offices CLICK
Hill Palace Museum : Sitwated in
tripunithra 10 km from kochi, belongs to maharaja of kochi, CLICK
8. Parikshith Thampuram Museum :at
Darbar hall road near siva temple , CLICK
Kerala History Museum : Sitwated in
edapally 8km away
10 Aluva River: Siva temple on the
banks of the river , river that flow through aluva 21 km away from kochi CLICK
11.Kalady : Birth place of Sree Sankara charya 45 m away , on banks of periyar , Sree Ramakrishan Advaithasramam and Sree Sankara Dome is located near by CLICK
12. Kodanadu : near perumbavoor for training elephants
https://www.google.co.in/search?source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=2T2fU87dC8-_uAS254G4DA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&biw=1024&bih=471&q=Koottikkal%20kottayam#q=Kodanadu+++kochi&tbm=isch&imgdii=_
13. Bhoothathankettu : 50 km away from kochi, for adventurous sports CLICK
14.Bird Santuary , Thattekkad : near
bhoothathankettuCLICK
Hydro Electric Project Edamalayar : near bhoothathankettu
vembanad lake
16. Periyar Valley : Beauty near
bhoothathankettu CLICK
Thrikkakkara : Vamanamoorthy temple near by , related to the
stories of Onam CLICK
18. Munickal Guhalayam:at chengamanad 30
km away , Sree Muruga temple , Great sage Jangaman live here 2000 years and
chattambiswamikal consecrated this temple CLICK
Cherai Beach : Beach suitable for
swimming is at cheraiCLICK
20 Vypin : Island with light
house CLICK
1.
The major rivers are Karavannur River and Poovazakal River .
Both this river ends in Periyar .
2.
The karavanoor is 48 km long starting from Poomala
3.
Poovazakal River 29km long staring from Machattumala .
4.
The Major Lake are Enamamakal lake , mooriyadu lake and Manamkotti
lake
5.
Peechi and Vayanadi is the Wild life sanctuaries of kerala
6.
Perundal kuttu , peechi dam in thrissur district
1. Vadakkumnatha Temple : Thrissur
pooram in April, Architectural beauty temple constructed by Parasuraman
2. Kodungallur: 32 km away from kochi,
near Arabian shore, Kodungallur Bhagavathy temple, Perumkovilakam of cheraman perumal,
Pagoda of Thiruvanchikkulam, Portuguses forts . The Bharani festival , St Came
to India AD 52 , landed in this placeCLICK
3. Guruvayur Temple : Sree Krishan
temple Guruvayur Ekadasi conducted in Nov CLICK
4. Sree Rama Temple Thriprayar : 24
from ThirssurCLICK
Koodalmanikkam Sree Bharatha Temple
: 25 Km from thrissur in
kodugalloor route , Mukkudi Nivedyam and Brinjal Nivedyam offered at the day of
Avittam star and thulam is famous CLICK
6. Arattupuzha :12 km away from
thrissur,Arattupuzha Pooram celebrated Meenam and hundred of elephant participation CLICK
Thrissur : district Tourist centers
1.Town Hall ; art gallery CLICK
2. Kerala Sahithya Academy , Kendra
Sangeetha Nataka Academy, Kerala Lalith Kala Academy CLICK
3. Zoo :
4. Museum :
Archeological Museum : historical
articles CLICK
6. Punnathur Fort : is Annakotta of
elephants CLICK
Kerala Kalamandalam : in
Cheruthuruthy, banks of Bharatha puzha , by Mahakavi vallathol in 1930 year CLICK
8 Cheruthuruthy : Ayurvedic research center CLICK
Athirappilly Waterfalls : water fall 32 kmaway CLICK
Athirappilly Waterfalls : water fall 32 kmaway CLICK
10.Dream World : sitwated near
athirampally CLICK
11. Silver Storm , water theme park at
Vettilappara CLICK
12. Vazhachal : Water fall near Athirampally CLICK
13.Peringalkuthu : Dam and water fall
near vazhachal CLICK
14. Anakkayam : Sholayar
Peringalikuthu route , 20 km from chalakudy CLICK
Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary :Peechi
Vazhani forest , a dam in Chimmini river CLICK
16. Peechi Dam : 24 km
away, boating , wild life sanctuary in Peechi Vazhani wildlife sanctuary CLICK
1.
Palakkad district is only one major river is Bharatha Puzha river flows only in rainy
season and in non rainy season is with no water . Starting from Anamala flowing
209km distance . This river give rise to a reservoir in Keechari Eanamalakal
that make 51km of land fertile .
2.
Silent valley and Parabikulam is the wild life sanctuaries of
kerala
3.
Parabikulam, Chulliyadu, Magalam, Malampuzha dam , kanjirapupuzha in
Palakkad district
1. Punarjani Cave:cave 2 km from
thiruvilvamala temple , sins washed away thorugh caves for men ,Entrance on Guruvayur Eksdasi and diety is
Sri Rama CLICK
2. Gurumadam : Banks of
Sokanansinippuzha flows through chittoor . Thunchath Ezhuthachan spent days
here CLICK
3. Kalpathi Siva temple : Banks on
Kalpathi river . Radhotsavam conducted CLICK
4. Jaina Temple : 500 year old temple sitwated on Jainamedu at vadakkumthara CLICK
Palakkad : district Tourist centers
1. Tipu Sultan Fort : Built by Herali,
know as the fort of Tipu sultan CLICK
3. Wild Life Sanctuary Parambikulam :
110 km away , Dam of Aliyar project , boating, in parambikulam lake , season
Feb CLICK
4. Siruvani Dam : in siruvani river, 48
km away ,CLICK
Nelliyampathy : Orange estate 39 km away CLICK
6.Pothundi Dam : On the way to Nelliampathy park CLICK
Silent Valley: National park 80 km
away . rain forest,animals, Kunthippuzha orginates CLICK
8 Attappady: Centre of Aborigines ,
River Bhavini , Surivani river flows, tea ,coffee, organe , cardamom CLICK
Thrithala ; Fort of Koottanad kings
on banks of Bharathapuzha 75 km away CLICK
10 Meenakara: 32 km away , A reservoir
, gardens , fish farm
11Mangalam Dam : in cherukunnappuzha 50 km away , CLICK
12 Donimala : trekking , and Waterfalls CLICK
13 Lok Naik J.P Memorial Forest and
Deer park Valayar 22 km away , Elephant riding CLICK
14 Mayiladumpara
: Peacock sanctuary 30 km awayCLICK
Kanjirampara : Reservior surrounds
by hills , 45 km away , winter season
beautiful CLICK
16 Vettilachola : ever green
forest near kanjirampara CLICK
Chulliar Dam : dam in sahya
mountainsCLICK
1.
Malappuram district major river are Thiroor, Kadalundi, Chaliyar
ending in Arabian sea .
2.
Athavandu starting placing ,flowing 48 km long ending in bharatha
puzha is River Thiroor .
3.
Perakobbam mala water
basin give rise to 36 km long river is
Kadalunipuzha that end in bhartha puzha .
4.
Elambasseri water basin when become chaliyar river will make 169 km
of land area fertile .
5.
This river flows through many part of kozikode district
6.
The fresh water lake is Pookottu
7.
Varayadu is the wild life sanctuary in kerala
1.Bhagavathy Temple: in kadampuzha 30 km away CLICK
2. Thirur : Thunchanparambu , birth
place of Thinchath Ezhuthachan 25 away ,Memorial of wagon Tragedy CLICK
3. Thirunavaya : 8 km from Thirur banks of Bharthapuzha ,
Mamamkam conducted, Famous Navamukunda temple located
4. Thanur : Keraladesapuram temple of
Mahavishnu in 8 km from thirur . Portuguese colong , St Francis Xavier visted 1546
Malappuram : district Tour centers
1.Kottakkal : Arya Vaidyasala , Ayurvedic mental hospital,
Ayurvedic colleges 12 km away CLICK
2 Nilampur : Oldest teak plantation 27 km away, Cannoli Plot of forest land , Vettakkorumakan temple famous CLICK
3. Kondotty : 18 km away , Majeri way
Famous mosque Pazhayangadi Palli 500 year old , Valiya Nercha festival famous CLICK
4. Padinjarekkara Beach : Beach near ponnani. Meeting place of Bharathapuzha , Thirur , Arabian sea CLICK
Thenjippalam : Calicut University CLICK
6. Paloor : Fort of Tipu sultan . near
perinthalmannaCLICK
chaliyar river network
Ponnani: the harbour CLICK
1.
The Major rivers are Mayadi Kuttiyadi, Kora puzha, Kallayi
2.
Kallayi is 25 km long river ending in Arabian sea
3.
Korapuzha is 40 km long
4.
Kuttyadi is 74 km long
5.
Mayadi puzha is 54 km long
6.
Kuttiyadi the most rainfall place in Kerala
7.
Kuttiyadi dam is in Kozikode district
1.Kozikode Beach and Dolphin Forest 2 km away . Dolpin point ,
Light house, Sea bridge, Aquarium, ParksCLICK
2. Pazhassi Raja Museum : 5 km away , antiquarts CLICK
3. Art Gallery: Painting of Raja ravi
Varma CLICK
4. Krishna Menon Museum : Belonging of
V.K Krishna Menon CLICK
Kappad: Vascoda gama landed 1498 , 16 km away CLICK
6.Mananchira: Old building of Kozikode
in 2 km distance with officesCLICK
Planetarium : in Jaffar Khan coloney
, solar system, plants , galaxies , and other stationCLICK
8.Science and Technology Museum : office near planetarium
Beypore : Fish Harbour 11 km awayCLICK
10. Kallayi : Timber trading center ,6
km away CLICK
11. Peruvannamoozhi Dam: 60km away,, deserted islands, bird sanctuary, crocodile park boatingCLICK
12.Thushara Giri : 50 km away , waterfalls CLICK
13. Feroke : remains of forts of tipu sultan in 1788 CLICK
14. Kakkayam : Urakkudi waterfallCLICK
Kuttiady : Hydro electric projects 78 km away CLICK
16. Iringal : Birth place and mosque of Kunjali Marakkar
Lokanarkavu : Vadakkan Pattu CLICK
18. Mahi : French controlled place now
part of Puducherry Under central
governmentCLICK
1. Thirunelli: 32 km away form Mananthavady , Known as
Dakshina Kasi , River Papanasini flows near .CLICK
2.Kalpetta : capital 72 km away ,Ananthaswami Jaina Temple at Puliyar hills 6 km awayCLICK
3. Glass Kannadi Temple: Jaina temple in slopes of Vellari Hills 20 km
away . CLICK
Wayanad : district Tour centers
1.Edakkal Cave : in Ambukuthi hills
with lot of painting
2.Mananthavady Pazhassi Smarakam
: Pazhassi Raja spent his last days at
this place 32 km away from kalpetta CLICK
3. Pakshipathalam: Bird observatory in
valley of Brahmagiri 10 km away CLICK
4. Pookat Lake : Fresh water lake with
trees and hills at vythiri , boating CLICK
Kuruva Island: Island in River
Kabini 45 km away , with birds and animals ,flower, orchids , medical plants CLICK
6. Brahmagiri : Vishnu temple ,
trekking and mountaineering place CLICK
Sultan Bathery : 97 km away , A fort of tipu sultan , wild life located
8. Panamaram : Fort of Pazhassi Raha 29km awayCLICK
Banasura Project : Dam in Padinjarethara 29 km away CLICK
1.
The Major rivers are Ponnayam, Angarakandi, Valapattanam,
Kuppabuzha, Ramapuram, Perumvamba, Kavayipuzha, Karikode river
2. Arakulam is the Wilf Life Santuary in kerala and Lake is Kavazi
1.Parassinikkadavu Sree Muthappa
Temple : 18 km away , banks of river valapatanam, Temple Tehyyam , Toddy and
dry fish in temple , boating and site seeingCLICK
2. Kottiyoor Temple located 60 km awayCLICK
3. Nellikkunnu Church where Herman Gundert lived “founder of
Malayalam dicitionary”CLICK
Kannur: district Tour centers
1.St Angelo’s Fort : build by
Portuguese ,1805 , 90km away CLICK
2. Wildlife Sanctuary Aralam : 35 km away from thalassery ,
3.Mahi : Combination of French and
Indian culture , A part of Puducherry , French colonel rule
4. Ezhimala : Hilly area close to the
sea , 55 km away from kannur ,
Naval academy near by , Medicinal plants CLICK
Payyambalam Beach: Beach 2 km away
from kannur , Mausoleums of political leaders A.K Gopalan, Swadesibhimani,
Ramakrishan, E.K nayanar. CLICK
6.Snake Park , Parassinikkadavu:
Protected snake hereCLICK
Payyannur : 34 Km away from Kannur,
Mahatama gandhiji salt satyagraha held .CLICK
8. Thalassery Fort: Fort build by
British in 1708 located 20 km
away CLICK
Dharmadam : Island full of coconut
trees , 3 km away from thalasseryCLICK
10. Muzhuppilangad Beach : Beach spread
4 km , Drive in Beach in kerala. Swimmers paradiseCLICK
11. Pazhassi Dam : 37 km away , Boating in reservoir .CLICK
12. Meenkunnu Beach : Beach at Azheekod
12 km away , golden sand , silver waves a tourist paradise CLICK
1.
The Major river are Nelasvaram river , chittari, Chandragiri
river, Mogral, Shiriya, Oppala, Majeswaram River ,
2.
Other river flows from kerala that reaches kaveri river
3.
Is Kabani, Bhavani, and Pambara
1.Ananthapuram: Lake Temple in Kerala 12 km away , east of kanhangad . Diety Ananthapadmanabhan of Padmanaba swamy templeCLICK
Kasargod : district Tour centers
1.Bekal Fort : 14 km away from
kasargod, Fort on the shore of Arabian sea.CLICK
2.Kappil Beach: 6 km away from Bekal
fortCLICK
3. Chandragiri fort : South east of
Kasargod. The fort in 17 century , River Payaswini
flows , Mosque and satha temple near
4. Pandyan Kallu Stone : Risen from the sea , 2 km from the shore ,
adventurous swimming CLICK
Veeramala : A dutch fort built 18th
century , CLICK
6.Kanhangad: Hosdurg fort built by
Somasekhara naik , Karpooreswaram near this fort . Nithanandasarmam exit
Kottanchery : Rain forest 30 km from
Kanhangad . like kodiakkanalCLICK
8.Ranipuram Madathumala: Hilly areas ,
780 km abover ,climate similar to ooty , wild elephants wantering
the hills
Central Cashewnut research Centers :
Agricutlural research center CLICK
Valapatanam puzha
River Network
Lakes Network
Kerala GOD OWN COUNTRY
Lakes
END
1 Connecting GIS & GIS in Aerial and satellite mapping
2 The Faces of the Street accidents : GIS & GPS the total Solution
3 The Product of GIS & GPS for street Accidents
4 Connecting GIS GPS mapping with the Road accidents
5) Accident Crisis Mapping & Management and Hazards GIS Management
6) A Rural and Urban Planing Project in the Drawbacks and consequence in Street Accidents
7) GIS and GPS is a Infrasture of tomorrow in Town Planning Accident are killing lot of people .
Accident
in streets are Increasing day by day and is killing lot of people in
the road and streets . Accident is targeting every one . Even thought
there are lot of Rules and regulation , Accident rate Increasing can
increase death rate in place While comparing the Road - Rail- ferry
accidents , the Victims can be a small child to a aged person . Road
Accident are increasing in Highways like collision , Collapse of bridges
etc , train accidents are collision of trains, and Ferry is Boat
capsizing .
Accidents are taking place due to
Heavy traffic , carelessness , Not obeying the rules , Corruption , High
speed , Over loading , overtaking , Blind driving or rash driving , not
alert, sleeping , Car Problems , street light problems , Road alignment
problems take accident to increase As Road , Rail Accident is not good
for the economy of a Country , it is necessary that lot of funds are
invested for the safety of the Roads , Rail , projects . In the network
of the road network and rail Network , it is always making lot of
Confusion and Project become expensive . The Accident cases in courts
are rising . Accident can increase lot of people to hospital . It is
necessary to avoid late driving , drinking driving and control the speed
of the vehicle In Transport Network
The Rural and
Urban towns Inhabited are connected together by a Network of Road-
rail- ferry- Airport Route. Accident in Normal conditions are Under
control , But accidents that occur by in-normal conditions can cause
sever damages Road Crossing & Junction Accidents in Transport
network can Happen in Major junction or a Place of connection of Roads ,
Crossing in Major Junction , Moving the direction of vehicles across
the other vehicles tracks , Turning the direction of Vehicle to Right or
Left and to other Roads . Accidents can happen in the Crossing of Road
and railway that is Unmanned , Crossing of Road and Road etc Accident
can happen in worst Climates Accidents in Cities Breaking Problems of
the Vehicles and no speed control Clear view of the Road & sight
distance in Curves and due to sight Difference the opposite vehicle can
be seem in Turn and elevated Road Proper Drainage problems , Electricity
Lines Post , Water Pipe , Telephone Line , Pits in Road . Due to the
Electricity , Telephone line crossing above the roads , the Vehicle with
High Roof can break the Connection and Make damages in the Road, due
Drainage Problems , water Flooding the Road and streets can make Traffic
jams Embankment of the roads , and no Embankment protection in Elevated
Road Earth leveling problems and the surface changing in every monsoon
season Water Table Rising above the danger level and flooding the roads
and Making submersible Road and Bridges Location of Houses , Tress and
walls Near to a Road Wrong side Parking Running behind the Buses in peak
Hours Hanging on the Bus and train doors Water Logging High speed .
Worst train accident in Kerala July
8, 1988 107 people die as Island Express plunges into Ashtamudi lake in
Kerala where the climate & rainfall had affected Immediate rescue
operation and the Accident was on Mid Night in a remote Location and
Local people or first Eye witness Near by heard a Explosion and in the
dark the rescue was no ok with bad weather of raining May 14, 1996 35 of
a marriage party killed as bus carrying them collides with the
Ernakulam –
Kayamkulam train at an unmanned level-crossing near Alappuzha in Kerala.
As Kerala had Big coastline , Boat accident and Boat capsizing case are rising and in bad weather and water currents .
Road
Transports can save Million of People Life with the Road accident prone
area project work to be done and Road accident to be reduced Road
fencing and embankment work to done Speed Control Monitoring devices are
used . Overtaking of vehicles can cause accidents Accident can cause
fire and spread of fire in Trains , Cars, Boats . In developed countries
the fast moving vehicles Inside the city can make lot of accidents,
even though there is no overtaking and Vehicles moving only in tracks .
Rules and regulation should must and overloading the vehicles Vehicle
Body design can cause accidents , Some Lorries Silencer Pipe are
projecting to the Opposite vehicle tracks can cause accidents , over
loading the vehicle is causing accidents Illegal Dredging in the Area of
Bridges can cause accidents Parking in wrong places is making blocks in
the movement of Vehicles like Bus stops in Roads in cities etc As
usually if the city is expanding in size the only alternative is the
Construct fly over, By pass Roads or widening of roads In GIS Projects ,
Every
Projects of Road consist of Survey , Land acquisition , Map development
, Project Planning , and implementation In GPS Projects ., Every Map
location can be viewed by Satellite or Camera GIS & GPS Rural and
Urban Development is Mainly aimed on The Construction of Transport
Network of a Place .
Pollution control limits of
the vehicles , Speed Checking and Other Rules should be Effective in
Controlling the accidents weather Information devices like fog , Snow,
Mist , in the Road and Weather alert can reduce accidents , slippery in
Roads etc GPS & GIS can be used for the implementation of the
project and track the Movement of the Vehicles .
It
is Necessary to control the Movements of Two wheeler and three wheeler
in heavy Traffic situation or peak time and not only the Heavy vehicles
An Accident a DAY can Kill Lot of People and destruction: Water Logging
is formed due to no movement of water due to Blocks , Bridges, etc are
man made In Kerala state Techni Bharathi , and Military (DRDO) , PWD is
doing the Construction works with the help of the updated maps Pollution
control limits of the vehicles , Speed Checking and Other Rules should
be Effective in Controlling the accidents weather Information devices
like fog , Snow, Mist , in the Road and Weather alert can reduce
accidents , slippery in Roads etc GPS & GIS can be used for the
implementation of the project and track the Movement of the Vehicles .
It is Necessary to control the Movements of Two wheeler and three
wheeler in heavy Traffic situation or peak time and not only the Heavy
vehicles Railway :
Derailing of Tracks can cause
Train to go Upside Down and Crash due to Bends , joint loss in rail,
slippery , fire Collision of Boasts and Train can cause accident and for
this Buoys , Light House to be constructed in Water ways and Train
signal to work . Platform Crossing can cause accidents etc Life Is
precious and always be one Tracks and help other in Crossing the Road-
Rail- Ferry-route Crossing of Road is Accident and that is why Road-
Rail Bridges, Road -Road Flyovers, Pedestrian tracks , Tunnel Walk way
constructed Always Make the High ways Run with good condition Road like
Bridges, Etc Alignments Problems It is necessary to remove the culverts
in Major Roads as Culverts are very small in size connected to a Heavy
traffic roads . So Culverts had to converted to Skew Bridges so that a
Big Road is not Connected to a Small Culverts / Small Bridges that is
not a correct alignments of the Road and the center of the Road is
passing through the Middle of the Bridges Accidents in Tunnels Accidents
in Tunnel can be due to Accident Inside the tunnel . etc . fire in
tunnel can cause Lot of Breathing Problems etc and as the tunnel is dark
it is not possible to find the exist . A Master Plan is a Solution to
all the Problems and it is possible to discover the New route of
Development by GIS & GPS Mapping Road Accident : The End of a Life
in Street accidents and Life is a Journey that had to be saved from this
kind of accidents Be aware of the co-travelers in the Journey and the
Vehicles in the road In Kerala state Techni Bharathi , Indian Military
(DRDO) , PWD is doing the Construction works with the help of the
updated maps Derailing of Tracks can cause Train to go Upside Down and
Crash . Derailing is due to sudden Breaking , Tracks Failure , and Loose
& Crack Rails & wrong signals , Platform Crossing Accidents is
the end of a Life , But can be saved in what all ways For this , Drive
safe, High speed drive can end your journey in to pieces , life in
Pieces lot of Accidents are due to Man Made problems and other are
Nature defects .
Road are made for vehicle
Transports linking a Nation and not to break the traffic in the city by
destructive activities Lot of Road Rail- ferry Airport construction are
on long term Basis . Maintenance problem , Delay in projects , Defects
in Materials and failure can be the reason for accidents and Road -
Rail- ferry can crash or collide . A road had to made with respect to
the volume and load of the traffic and strong Road- Rail- Bridges with
Parapets is in a Long term projects .
A Master
Plan is a Solution to all the Problems and it is possible to discover
the New route of Development by GIS & GPS Mapping The Map are made
is on the Projects success and Implementation Project success Reduces ,
Accidents and Traffic Control and it is Management and work of a team to
success . It is not possible to compare India Development with Europe.
It is wise to take effective steps as a Part of Globalization It is not
possible to compare India Development with Europe . It is wise to take
effective steps as a Part of Globalization Globalization and
Industrialization had give way to Many GIS and GPS Projects in IT sector
Like www.and.com - Route Map Project www.brifen.co.uk - Road Fencing
www.nybldg.com- Construction www.excor.co.uk- Data Base of Road Network
Etc Street accidents of UAE : Streets of Dubai , Abu-dhabi , Sharjah In a
Road Network , between two Region Abudhabi and Dubai , There Road
Network Consist of Major Road and Minor Roads .The Major road is
connecting to Many Minor Roads and Density of Minor roads are More as
Per a Location . In this accidents it was found to that Many Become
Victims and cannot be saved is very sorry and cars went on fire and it
will be a Location very close to Abudhabi Location in Map in UAE .
The
Traffic Conjunction or Problem as per My suggestion is due to over
speed and not keeping distance between two Vehicles and Vehicle Passing a
Major signal Junction at high speed , Sudden Breaking , and gearing or
taking up or processing from a stop from the Junction by the driver of
the Vehicle at a High speed from the point in a Junction for U turn and
Right or left turn or round-about with there Toyota , Roll Royce or M-
benze and Track Crossing . 2 suggestion I had is work schedule in UAE .
In Every day there is a Beak hour from 1 pm to 3 Pm UAE time applicable
to every shops and compulsory going to Mosque Prayers and no work due to
High temperature . So in the Break 1 PM to 3 PM is compensated by
adjusting the time to Morning that a Office starts before 8 Am Morning
or 9 PM a compulsory starting time of Office and Break at 12 or 1 Pm
Afternoon and after 3 Pm to Late Hours in Night . So the work schedule
is Morning 8 to 1 Pm and 3 Pm to after or to 11 Pm Night and in 3 shift
hours in Shops from Morning 8 AM to 1 AM Early Morning and this three
shift there should be transporting for 10 times for staff and goods and
when there thousands of super Market it will make lot of Company
vehicles in road for shops , Offices, etc . Dubai Road transports had
less buses also In the Morning Hours of Snow or Dust , the Car are
running from and to Dubai to reach the Office in Time and from 1 pm also
from Dubai in and Out and returning at 3 Pm. this start and Break Hours
will cause a Officer or working lay men to travel the car at and Back
at 1 Pm and again and back at 6 Pm. This is applicable to every one
making lot of vehicle and car to be open Road in Early morning ,
Afternoon and Night . 3 suggestion is the Shopping Mall , super market
is Working up to 1 Am morning and 24 hours and it is not one shop a
network of shops making the flow of vehicle between the cities to
continuously flow through out , and the open a Shop Whole Night in a
small country like UAE is not reasonable . the Vehicle in the Road in
Morning hours can be reduce if the break of Noon 1 to 3 Pm is reduced
even in High temperature , so that in the Morning Hours during fog and
snow people can avoid such drive in every interval to and fro from the
offices . This To and from Journey in Morning to Nigh had resulted lot
of traffic conjunction and accidents with only one or two person in one
cars or Van making it to double every years along with this there should
be increase in the Number of official in Duty in the Abudhabi - Dubai
and Dubai - sharjah Increase of Dubai Police, More Dubai Transport Buses
, After Noon reducing , so that daily work can start office reach there
home in Time and not too early and not too Night . 4 suggestion is
Introducing Fluorescent lamps in cars that had a Longer wave length than
Ordinary Lights used in Car . yellow Lamps or Red lamps in Cars is
compulsory so that the Light can travel Longer distance and due to
longer wave length . So At Junction this Darkness in Fog can be overcome
using Longer wave length Light that can travel longer distance in Fog
and snow in street lights . Light are used in Airport to make the Planes
to Land at correct Runway even in Worst fog and snow Similar Lights
should be constructed in road at Junction and In vehicle Out side Dubai
in Rural Area industrial Area like Jebel Ali Free zone and Alquos the
weather is always hot with or cold with Sand wind and Fog . There is
Plus and Minus in road accidents and it is Accidents Injuries more than
claims the maximum Effort is made to help the victims . In the Plus and
Minus in road accidents had resulted lot of effort to Fight each other
rather than saving the victim in the accidents . In a Accident a Bus or
Car will be Burned by Public , rather than trying to Help the Victim in
Hospital expenses or Treatment . In the Plus and Minus , Accidents might
had occurred due to driving Problems and it is not to Kill any one ,
But Here more Prior is to save the Victims in the accidents even if the
pedestrian, Cycle Man Scooter or car Driver rather than fighting each
other at such situation in streets . Lot of care is necessary to save a
Victim of a accidents It is necessary to Conduct the Abudhbai road expo
in Dubai, so that Lot of People can attend the Exhibition in Dubai-
Abudhabi in car, Road, Industrial expo Journal on the Faces of the Road
Accidents
: GIS and GPS a Total solution Because GIS Application makes a Maps
data base and GPS is used in Taking satellite maps of a Location as Per
the Longitude and Latitude or Grid Area and for Aerial maps and GIS and
GPS is Used in Street accidents Mapping for Good Quality works
1 Why Road is Dangerous :
There are Road with Maclam Road, Bituminous Road and concrete Road .
Road Consist of Foundation , Sub Grade , Surface leveling Road
Construction is a Part of engineering Road surface can Break : 1 On clay
Road the strength is less
2 Temperature Rise
3 Load
& Stress 4 Corrugation 5 Wheel Spun action 6 Defective construction
7 Defective Material 8 Embankments 9 Breaking of vehicles 10 Rain Rain
Water can enter the Foundation through the Pits and Holes , Capillary
action in the drain can break the bearing Capacity of the sub grade and
Foundation causing the Surface leveling of the Road to break and damage
11 Over Heating and oil loss 12 Sub soil Movement 13 Bleeding 14
Spraying Problem 15 Scabbing( Using Excess Binder ) rain in construction
16 Concrete Join Breaks 17 Cracks 18 ) Road Signal in Use 2
Why Railway is dangerous
1
Rail Jointing Problem 2 Coning of Wheeling Problem 3 Bending Problem 4
Widening of tracks 5 Corrugation 6 Wheel Burns 7 Creeps 8 Kinks 9 wears
10 Slippery 11 Skidding 12 Loads 13 Defects 14 corrosion 15 Defects in
Welding 16 Defect fish Plates 17 Defects Fish Bolts 18 Defect Rail
Chairs 19 Defect Bearing Plates 20 Defect Anchors 21 defect Anti
Creepers 22) Railway signal in Use while train Crossing 3 Why the Ferry
journey is Dangerous Ferry Accident is in Worst climate like Cyclone's ,
Monsoon , Cyclone's and Rainy Season . In the Boast capsizing he
disaster is Travelers are washed away by the High currents due to Rainy
season and Cannot reach the Shore Due the Worst Rainy climate survivor
are few and rescue work is very difficult Ferry Crash 4
Why the Bridge construction is Dangerous
1)
Sinking of the foundation 2) Bed level of the sea rises 3) Cracks in
the Masonry 4 ) Depth of scouring 5) Water proofing coating failure 6)
Joints and Bearing expansion failure 7) Corrosion 8) Condition of the
Paints and Spirs 9) Vibration of the Slits and timber 10 ) Side drain
failure 11) Parapet failure 12) Protective Binds 13) Slide slope , slide
corrosion , Pitching work on the slopes 14 ) In Timber Bridges the
trusses should be tightened and Strengthened in Wooden Bridge 15 )
Singer checked for splits 16 ) Decay of timber 17 ) Bolts tightened 18 )
Flooring of the Bridge failure 19 ) Cracks in the timber 20 ) Drainage
system and no water to enter the masonry 21) Spandrels well to separate
it from the arch rings due to the drainage problems 22 ) Cracks in the
Arch and beams 23 ) Weed Damage the Portion of the bridge 24 ) Anchors ,
Lawyer & suspender due to corrosion 25 ) Floor beams failure 26 )
In cast of concrete Bridges the Slabs can expand and the can break the
approach roads . 27 ) Parapet Bridges are Important for Normal Traffic
28 ) Construction of bridge depend on the Volume of traffic 6
why a Tunnel is very dangerous
1 ) Shafting had to erected correctly so the Jointing of the Tunnel
should correct from both side 2 ) Center Line of the Tunnel to corrected
so that the two end of the Tunnel Joint together 3 ) Drainage should be
well constructed so that water should not collected inside the tunnel 4
) Tunnel should no collapse etc 7 Why a hill Road is Dangerous 1) hills
Road are Elevated Corrugated roads 2) Hill Roads consist of Turns ,
Bends , curves , Corner Bends and Hair Pin bends 3) Hill Roads drainage
is important 4) Rock falling 5) Land slide 6) Slippery roads 7) Tunnels
Roads and Blocks 8) Embankment failure 9) Side Chipping 10) View of the
Road 11 ) The Shape and the size of the Hill 12) Explosion 13) Lining
and the grouting of the rock so the tow end of the tunnel meet together
14) Mucking and Hauling to remove the debris from the Tunnel 15 ) Tunnel
in Soft ground and in Rock
This Failure can create Road - Rail Journey Tiring , Time Consuming , Accidents
8 Why a Road is Economical :-
Highway is Economical in many reason rather than construction of New
roads Road is truly the cheapest and is not the one who had cost the
least money but the one which makes the Most profitable return in the
Proportion of the money spent Weathered road is disconnecting many land
areas and good road will connect every village of India in the rainy
season Road can be connect across the river by means of Culvert ,
Bridges Road can be made through the places where the sources like water
and other material is available Road Alignment in the center can be
drawn through land with less earth work , Steep gradients and can be
leveled Alignment in the center can be made with the surrounding area
like the metal roads, towns , Schools , Police station , Agriculture ,
Rail crossing , Bridges, culverts Alignment can be drawn across the
River where the Width of the stream is less and is made with minimum
number of crossing and bridges , forest , built areas , cultivated land
with minimum banking and cutting with smooth gradient and curves Tunnels
in Rock lands can be made and can be drawn out of marshy land, jungles ,
Protected area Alignment of the road ca be drawn through places with
high traffic volume Road Land acquisition is economical if the Road is
passing through important places , market places , etc Road can be made
with Improving the road condition from the old with less curves, lees
super elevation , and clear sigh distance and design like no zigzag
roads, Reconstruction of bridges and bye pass , railway crossing bridges
embankment , and less hazards Road can be used by All kind of vehicles
from Cycle to lorries and can be used by Customer or pubic freely Rod
condition can be changed with respect to the load from Malcolm Road ,
Bituminous Road and concrete Road Maintenance Expense less in Road
Vehicle can move in All direction Road widening will make free flow of
vehicle 9 Why Railway is economical Railway Transport will be build
transports Tracks are connected by points and crossing and Tracks are
reserved for railway not to any vehicle Speed of train high as Tracks
are reserved for the railway Friction less on Railway Tracks make smooth
Journey Maintenance Higher and to Over come accident Rail transports is
done by Government Subsidy in Rail transports will reduce fares Not
slope or step gradient in Tracks make it very fast Packing and inventory
control the parcel in train No octroi , toll tax , Bridge tax in Train
make the transportation fast Longer distance transports cheaper in
trains gauge conversion can increase the sped of the train labor
Facility available Train can reduce in the conjunction in the Road
transports tracks will boom the real estate market and industry Railway
is stability railway transportation of finished good to all places Big
Project like dam , canal and power depend on the use of the railway
Politically the Central government administration is easy due to a
railway network national Integration in Rail transports mass migration
in Rail transports Long distance journey possible safe and comfortable
and cheap is Indian Railway In railway here is Flat footed and Bull
headed railway and flatfooted Railway is Stronger , Fast , Maintenance
less , and is connected bull headed Railway is fast with Point and
crossing , and is long period with Chairs , sleepers etc 10 Why Bridges
are economical Bridges can be constructed to the approaching Road with
Steel , Wooden , Mason Bridges, Suspension bridges, RCC Bridge , Cause
way , Floating Bridges etc depending up on the load of the traffic and
length of the Bridge and the sub soil and water flow condition Steel
Bridges are long can be constructed against Corrosion , Debris collected
and Removal , Alignments , cracks , Stinger to support the weight ,
protected from weeds, Loss Ruts and bolts can be tightened and non
vibrations . Suspension Bridge are long , heavy loaded can be Made
against corrosion , with strong anchors, Suspension Rods good , Good
towers, good masonry works and design , Wood Bridges can be constructed
with Good Planks , no cracks , stronger joints , traffic load ok with
good stingers and good wooden planks and long life Masonry Bridges are
culverts in pipe , rectangle , and with good drainage, and anchorage,
good beams and stingers, no cracks , no damages RCC Slab Bridge is made
with good cement , Girders , slabs, less damages, with abutment and
piers floating brides can be made useful to normal speed vehicle , and
with less vibration , noise mad damages , deck stronger ,
11 Street Light and Road Design
is Economical For High speed Toll Road and National Highway the
alignment should match with Slip Road Geometry , Round About , Crossing
bridges , Parking areas , and good street light in Road side
12 ) Why the earth Work is economical & Fast in the Road - Rail Construction Earth work is done
for the leveling of the soil for the road and Rail with Embankment and
Cutting . Land is Leveling by the Excavation of Land from a Haul to the
Construction site . The Road surface is Made by Raising a Land Level
from a Low level or from the High level to the Normal Level . The
Leveling is Important as the Land is leveled and road is constructed on
the Slumps , Low level water table Land , and other Low level land with
water table high . In order to make the Road Constructions above the
water table level the Road surface is raised above the water table level
. One the Land is excavated with Mud Dumping and Leveling with Soil
work , the Surface become much stronger than any other surface if the
Excavation is and leveling is done properly and the dumped sand is
Rolled , mixed , leveling . The Embankment of the road is Done by
leveling . The Excavated Earth Work Volume of the Cross section is
calculated in the Earth work . Mid sectional Area Method where the
Center is a Rectangle and two banked side as 90 Degree triangle . The
Area of Cross section b(d1+d2)/2 + S(d1+d2)*(d1+d2)/2 *L where b is the
width or breadth of the cutting or embankment of the Road d1 and d2 is
the height of the embankment at two ends and (d1+d2 )/2 is the average
height of the embankment of the roads m is the slope of the land s is
the side slope of the embankment or cutting and L is the length of the
embankment 2 the Hill section earth work in two section 1 Wholly the
cutting 2 partial cutting and Banking In Wholly the Cutting the Quantity
of work or the Area of the cross section is S1 = b/2 (d+b/2m) (ms/m-s)
S2 = b/2 (d+b/2m) (ms/m+s) where b is the length of the road d=
(d1+d2)/2 is the Average height m is the slope of the Hill and s is the
side slope and L is the length of the embankment or cutting in the road
there by calculating the earth in banking and cutting in the Hill region
The quantity of the earth work is calculated with the with the Mid
sectional Area method and hill section method Limit of Economical haul
is the maximum limit to which the mud can be excavated from a haul to
the surface limit if the Economical haul is = Free Haul + Cost of
excavation / cost of Over haul The Over haul region in the excavation
also exist where b is the width or breadth of the embankment or cutting ,
m is the slope and d is the average height of the banking or cutting
height and L is the length of the cutting and embankment of the roads
When
the earth work is done lot of Machine used are the 1) Crawler Type
Tractor 2 ) Track type tractor 3) Bull Dozer , 4) Rooter or Dipper 5)
Scraper 6) Grader 7) Flat wheeled Roller 8) wheeled Rubber Type Roller
9) Sheep -foot roller 10 ) Dumper 13) What are the Causes of the
Accident 1) Segregation between Fast and Slow Moving traffic Vehicle 2)
Lack of Sight distance 3) Road Junction with no signals 4) Constant
speed variation due to congestion 5) Insufficient Wearing length between
the intersection of Roads 6) Road traffic should be independent from
the traffic on other roads by over & under bridges 7) Distraction
and intercept in Roads like Trees Branches , Banners , houses etc 14
)How to prevent such accident 1) Traffic signals for pedestrians 2)
Installation of pedestrian islands 3) Improving the street lights 4)
Under and over bridge passage 5) Distraction avoiding 6) design and
Marking 7) Crossing , Junction , Corners proper with the cross section
of the road 8) Super elevation , Curves at all Roads and Provision of
non skid and Uniform surface 9) Pro traffic segregation where possible
realizing the speed 10 ) Realizing the Difference between the pedestrian
and vehicular traffic 11 ) Road Junction at Design at Right angles not
at acute angles 12) Road traffic should be independent of the traffic
from other roads by over and Under bridge 13) Sufficient space for
visibility by extension and Improvement 14) Provision for pedestrian
crossing 15) No Gradient at a junction 16) Camper not at Road crossing
17) Round-about at three road connection 18) Camper and elevation to
flow the control of vehicles 19) Minimum turning radius 20) Square
junction ( Road meeting at Right angles ) are paved, Island type , slip
Round type 21) T Junction ( Crossing not at Right angles )is paved ,
Triangular , Elliptical 22) Y Junction - Paved, triangular , Circular ,
Channels Y 23) Staggered and Multiplied Junction 24 ) Refugee Islands :
are circular ,
Projection
Elliptical Tangential , Rhombus in design that gives 1protection , 2
Guidance to driver, 3 Efficiency to traffic 4Traffic in Proper channel
Road signals 15) Why crossing with Traffic signals 1) To ensure the
Movement of the Vehicles 2) Reduce the Traffic accidents 3) Control the
speed 4) Direction giving to vehicles and Drivers 5) Traffic control
device for Road and Rail 6) Co-ordinate Intercept heavy traffic and
Crossing and a fault in Signal can cause delay in crossing and turning
change can make delay to vehicle on one side of the roads and can cause
accident Signal dimension are Larger in NH Road , Letter space large,
and made with not more than three letters , visibility in night by
illumination and Uniform size , space , and shape , not distraction also
. 16)
Why GIS / GPS Mapping is important in
Managing street traffic GIS Street Data Base consist of a 1) Network of
Roads 2) Network of Railway 3) Network of Ferry 4) Network of Airline
and Airports 5) province , state ,Country and coastline boundary network
6) Important City , Towns , Villages Location 7) Inland water Network
8) Electricity and water Network 9) Bridge and Bridge names 8) Crossing
of roads with Flyover, slip roads , over and under Bridges 9) Direction
fo road with routes 10 ) Important Building in the place like post
office ,motels, petrol pumps and Banks 11 ) Parking like 3*6 M for cars
and 2.5*5 for community parking , 3.75*7.5 m for lorries 12) Drainage
network 13) Forest , vegetation 14) Names in the Maps with legends 15)
Digital maps in Computer 16) GIS / GPS satellite in Road Maps 17)
Cartography Paper Drawing , Photo-grametry Imaging GIS Maps 2) design
and development and GIS Maps with different dimension , shape and color
Maps with Cad, Graphical GIS Drawing . 18) Intranet and internet maps
19) Paper Maps, CD Maps , Digital maps , and Mobile Maps , voice and
image Maps 20 Updating , merging of different scale Maps together with
lot of density data by Computer Aided Packages
17 Map Legends :
Road
Network Slip Roads : Clover leaf Junction , Trumpet junction , Diamond
Junction Round About : Circular Round about Parking : Lay Bye Roads :
National High ways , State Highway , Province roads, City Roads, By Pass
Roads, Toll Roads, Tonnage Roads, Tunnel Roads, Hill roads, Border
roads Bridges : Culverts, Timber Bridges , Concrete Bridges, Steel
Bridges, Suspension Bridges, Cantilever Bridges Boundary : Country ,
Coastline , Provisional Boundary Water ways : Creeks , Youth Rivers,
Valleys , River, Ling rivers Towns and villages Airport - Rail way
Network & Ferry Network with station and Route ) 18) Rural and Urban
Development in India Rural and Urban development Projects are a Major
Projects in connecting different places by Road - Rail - Ferry - Airline
route . Lot of Money is spent on the development of Rural and URabn
Development projects by Means of GIS . As this is a Long term projects
and in a Large Area , GIS & GPS Planning is able to make Maps of the
projects by means of Different data and Maps by GIS GIS and GPS is now
connected to satellites and other electronic devices . GIS and GPS is
the Future of the Community world wide Dubai Airport is world biggest
Airport . A Road accident in UAE had shown that this similar crash can
happen in the Dubai Aviation sector in Dubai Airport , if the Plane
Traffic Increases and the Airport is not safe to allow all planes and to
land and fly . When Considering the Road Accidents of Dubai , the other
Accident will be in the Dubai Airports , if the Flight will be
increasing and if there is a failure in the Aviation sector . one day
with the GIS and GPS , Dubai will be a Place of satellite Landing GIS
and GPS is a Infrastructure of tomorrow in Town Planning
Modern Road Geometry :
The
Modern roads are 45 meter width road with many lanes with duc medians
called as the national highway with crossing & slip road connection
like the clover leaf, trumpel , ramp connection that makes the easy
entry and exit of vechiles by the roads from the city to the pheripheral
roads , ring roads that is outer areas of teh city making the free flow
of the vehicles in all direction like in the autobahn roads , european
roads etc
